现在主流的Web MVC框架除了Struts这个主力 外,其次就是Spring MVC了,因此这也是作为一名程序员需要掌握的主流框架,框架选择多了,应对多变的需求和业务时,可实行的方案自然就多了。不过要想灵活运用Spring MVC来应对大多数的Web开发,就必须要掌握它的配置及原理。
一、Spring MVC环境搭建:(Spring 2.5.6 + Hibernate 3.2.0)
1. jar包引入
Spring 2.5.6:spring.jar、spring-webmvc.jar、commons-logging.jar、cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
Hibernate 3.6.8:hibernate3.jar、hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar、antlr-2.7.6.jar、commons-collections-3.1、dom4j-1.6.1.jar、javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar、jta-1.1.jar、slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar、slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar、相应数据库的驱动jar包
2. web.xml配置(部分)
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< servlet-name >spring</ servlet-name >
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< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
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< load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup >
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< servlet-name >spring</ servlet-name >
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< url-pattern >*.do</ url-pattern >
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< listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
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< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
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< param-value >classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</ param-value >
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3. spring-servlet.xml配置
spring-servlet这个名字是因为上面web.xml中<servlet-name>标签配的值为spring(<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>),再加上“-servlet”后缀而形成的spring-servlet.xml文件名,如果改为springMVC,对应的文件名则为springMVC-servlet.xml。
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" |
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xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context <a href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd</ a >">
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< context:annotation-config />
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< context:component-scan base-package = "controller" ></ context:component-scan >
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< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
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< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix = "/jsp/" p:suffix = ".jsp" />
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4. applicationContext.xml配置
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
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< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
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xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
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< bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
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< property name = "configLocation" >
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< value >classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml</ value >
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< bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
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< property name = "sessionFactory" >
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< ref local = "sessionFactory" />
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< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "transactionManager" proxy-target-class = "true" />
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< bean id = "loginService" class = "service.LoginService" ></ bean >
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< bean id = "hibernateDao" class = "dao.HibernateDao" >
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< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" ></ property >
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二、详解
Spring MVC与Struts从原理上很相似(都是基于MVC架构),都有一个控制页面请求的Servlet,处理完后跳转页面。看如下代码(注解):
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
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public class TestController {
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@RequestMapping ( "test/login.do" )
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public String testLogin( @RequestParam (value= "username" )String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) {
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password)) {
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return "loginSuccess" ;
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@RequestMapping ( "/test/login2.do" )
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public ModelAndView testLogin2(String username, String password, int age){
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) {
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return new ModelAndView( "loginError" );
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return new ModelAndView( new RedirectView( "../index.jsp" ));
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@RequestMapping ( "/test/login3.do" )
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public ModelAndView testLogin3(User user) {
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String username = user.getUsername();
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String password = user.getPassword();
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int age = user.getAge();
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) {
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return new ModelAndView( "loginError" );
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return new ModelAndView( "loginSuccess" );
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@Resource (name = "loginService" )
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private LoginService loginService;
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@RequestMapping ( "/test/login4.do" )
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public String testLogin4(User user) {
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if (loginService.login(user) == false ) {
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return "loginSuccess" ;
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以上4个方法示例,是一个Controller里含有不同的请求url,也可以采用一个url访问,通过url参数来区分访问不同的方法,代码如下:
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
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@RequestMapping ( "/test2/login.do" )
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public class TestController2 {
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public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) {
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) {
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return "loginSuccess" ;
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@RequestMapping (params = "method=1" , method=RequestMethod.POST)
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public String testLogin2(String username, String password) {
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password)) {
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return "loginSuccess" ;
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@RequestMapping (params = "method=2" )
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public String testLogin3(String username, String password, int age) {
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) {
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return "loginSuccess" ;
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其实RequestMapping在Class上,可看做是父Request请求url,而RequestMapping在方法上的可看做是子Request请求url,父子请求url最终会拼起来与页面请求url进行匹配,因此RequestMapping也可以这么写:
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
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import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
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@RequestMapping ( "/test3/*" )
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public class TestController3 {
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@RequestMapping ( "login.do" )
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public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) {
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if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) {
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return "loginSuccess" ;
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三、结束语
掌握以上这些Spring MVC就已经有了很好的基础了,几乎可应对与任何开发,在熟练掌握这些后,便可更深层次的灵活运用的技术,如多种视图技术,例如 Jsp、Velocity、Tiles、iText 和 POI。Spring MVC框架并不知道使用的视图,所以不会强迫您只使用 JSP 技术。
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6983027
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